Archives par mot-clé : Champa

Agenda / Evénements, Conférences, Lectures / Readings, Signalements

Pierre-Emmanuel Bachelet : Bateaux-pigeons et quartiers japonais – présentation de l’ouvrage – 24 mars 2022

A ne pas manquer !

La Section des Études vietnamiennes de l’UFR LCAO de l’Université Paris Cité est heureuse de recevoir Pierre-Emmanuel Bachelet, à l’occasion de la publication de son livre Bateaux-pigeons et quartiers japonais : Une microhistoire régionale des relations entre le Japon, le Đại Việt et le Champa (fin xvie-début xviiie siècle), aux Éditions Maisonneuve & Larose / Hémisphères Éditions, dans la collection “Asie en perspective”, co-dirigée par Emmanuel Poisson et Eric Guerassimoff.

Résumé de l’ouvrage

A partir du milieu du XVIe siècle, la piraterie sino-japonaise ferme les portes du marché chinois aux marchands japonais. Ces derniers se tournent alors de plus en plus vers le commerce avec l’Asie du Sud-Est. Ils peuvent y échanger leur argent et leur cuivre contre de la soie et des produits tropicaux. Cette proximité entre Japon et Đại Việt en fait des partenaires privilégiés. Leurs relations jouent un rôle majeur dans le renforcement politique des Etats en présence et conduit à l’émergence, dans les ports vietnamiens, de communautés japonaises occupant une fonction centrale d’intermédiation entre Européens et autorités vietnamiennes.

Cet ouvrage explicite les fondements sur lesquels cette entente s’est nouée et analyse les réseaux multiethniques autour desquelles elle s’est construite. A partir d’une analyse minutieuse des mouvements en mer de Chine, il restitue une connexion régionale de grande importance, au cœur de la première mondialisation des échanges.

Il présentera son travail et les coulisses de l’écriture de son livre le jeudi 24 mars 2022, de 17h à 18h30 en ligne, via ZOOM.

Séminaire d’actualité scientifique ouvert à toutes et tous. Pour vous inscrire et recevoir le lien Zoom, merci d’adresser un simple mail à marie.gibert@u-paris.fr.

Source : https://u-paris.fr/lcao/seminaire-dactualite-de-la-recherche-en-etudes-vietnamiennes/

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Agenda / Evénements, Thèses / PhD

Pierre-Emmanuel Bachelet : “Bateaux-pigeons, quartier japonais et cartes nautiques : réseaux marchands et relations interculturelles entre le Japon, le Đại Việt et le Champa (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)”

Avis de la soutenance de thèse de Pierre-Emmanuel Bachelet.

“Bateaux-pigeons, quartier japonais et cartes nautiques : réseaux marchands et relations interculturelles entre le Japon, le Đại Việt et le Champa (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)”,

Pierre-Emmanuel Bachelet

Thèse sous la direction de M. J-P. Bassino

Soutenance le vendredi 11 décembre 2020, à 9h.

Jury de thèse :

  • M. Jean-Pascal BASSINO, Professeur des Universités, ENS de Lyon
  • Mme Nadine BÉLIGAND, Maîtresse de conférences, Université Lyon 2
  • M. Leonard BLUSSÉ, Professeur émérite, Université de Leiden
  • M. Andrew HARDY, Directeur d’études, EFEO
  • M. François LACHAUD, Directeur d’études, EFEO
  • Mme Antonella ROMANO, Directrice d’études, EHESS              

La soutenance sera limitée au jury sur Zoom, mais sera diffusée en direct sur Youtube, ce qui permettra à toutes les personnes intéressées d’y assister. Vous pourrez y accéder au lien suivant : https://youtu.be/CPCheVKiPTc 

Résumé :

Cette thèse vise à analyser l’une des connexions majeures des mers de Chine à l’époque moderne : les relations entre le Japon, le Đại Việt et le Champa. A partir du milieu du XVIe siècle, l’impossibilité d’accéder au marché chinois pousse les marchands japonais à investir de plus en plus dans le commerce avec l’Asie du Sud-Est. Ils peuvent y échanger leur argent et leur cuivre contre de la soie et des produits tropicaux. Pour les Japonais, le Đại Việt présente des avantages décisifs : il accueille des marchands venus de Chine et est le seul pays de la région à produire lui-même de la soie. De plus, les autorités des deux pays partagent une conception similaire de l’étiquette et une instruction fondée sur les mêmes classiques. Le Champa, quant à lui, revêt une importance capitale auprès des autorités japonaises en tant que pourvoyeur de bois précieux. Ces relations connaissent une profonde restructuration au cours des années 1630, quand le shogunat interdit aux Japonais de quitter le pays, sans que cette connexion ne disparaisse. Par ailleurs, ces contacts avec le monde extérieur ont permis à une cartographie spécifiquement japonaise de se développer. Les cartes réalisées, si elles se fondent sur des modèles européens ou chinois, parviennent cependant à les réinventer et à les dépasser.

La proximité entre le Japon et le Đại Việt en a donc fait des partenaires privilégiés, ce qui a permis l’établissement de communautés japonaises dans les ports viêt. Ces résidents japonais y ont occupé une fonction centrale, celle d’intermédiation entre Européens et autorités viêt. L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est d’expliciter les fondements sur lesquels cette entente s’est nouée et d’analyser les réseaux multiethniques autour desquelles elle s’est construite, en recourant notamment à des modélisations informatiques.

Abstract :

This dissertation aims to analyse one of the major connections in the early modern China seas, the relations between Japan, Đại Việt and Champa. From the mid-16th century onwards, as they were unable to access the Chinese market, Japanese traders increasingly invested in trade with Southeast Asia, where they were able to exchange silver and copper against silk and tropical products. Đại Việt offered decisive advantages for the Japanese. Merchants coming for China went there to trade and it was the only country to produce silk on its own. Furthermore, the authorities in both countries shared a same vision of diplomacy and their instruction was based on the same classics. As for the Champa, it was of particular importance for the Japanese authorities as a supplier of precious woods. These relations underwent a thorough reorganisation in the 1630’s, when the shogunate prohibited the Japanese from leaving the country, but this connection remained strong. Besides, these contacts with the outside world enabled a specifically Japanese cartography to emerge. Although they were based on European or Chinese models, these maps succeeded in reinventing and going beyond these models.

The proximity between Japan and Đại Việt made them privileged partners and led to the settlement of Japanese communities in Viêt ports. These Japanese residents played a crucial role in these societies, as go-betweens between the European and Viêt authorities. The purpose of this research work is to demonstrate how this common understanding emerged, and to analyse the networks that shaped it, notably through computer modelling.

Illustration “à la une” : document de P-E. Bachelet © DR

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Lectures / Readings, Signalements

Champa : Territories and Networks of a Southeast Asian Kingdom [parution]

[ndlr] Parution d’une nouvelle étude importante sur le Champa avec les meilleur.es spécialistes.

Champa

Territories and Networks of a Southeast Asian Kingdom

Andrew HARDY, Arlo GRIFFITHS, Pierre BAPTISTE, Amandine LEPOUTRE, William A. SOUTHWORTH, Geoff WADE, LÂM Thị Mỹ Dung, YAMAGATA Mariko, NGUYỄN Kim Dung, BÙI Chí Hoàng, Federico BAROCCO, NGUYỄN Tiến Đông, Thérèse GUYOT-BECKER, Anton O. ZAKHAROV, Mara LANDONI, John K. WHITMORE, Marc BRUNELLE, Stephen A. MURPHY, TRẦN Kỳ Phương, Parul Pandya DHAR

Collection : Études thématiques

Numéro de collection: 31

Éditeurs : Griffiths (Arlo), Hardy (Andrew), Wade (Geoff)

Édition : EFEO

Année de parution : 2019

Statut : Disponible

Prix : 40,00 €

Source : EFEO

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Débat / Questions d'histoire, Histoire et sociétés d'Indochine, Lectures / Readings, Signalements

Nguyen Van Huy : Po Dharma không còn nữa

A l’occasion de la disparition du chercheur Po Dharma, spécialiste de l’histoire du Champa, Nguyen Van Huy rappelle son parcours biographique partagé entre engagement politique et recherche académique. Né en 1945 dans la province de Ninh Thuân au Viêt-Nam, Po Dharma est décédé le 21 février 2019 à Toulouse.

Po Dharma tên thật là Quảng Văn Đủ, sinh năm 1945 (trường Viễn Đông Bác Cổ Pháp ghi năm sinh của ông là 1948) tại thôn Chất Thường (paleiBaoh Dana), xã Phước Hậu, huyện Ninh Phước, tỉnh Ninh Thuận là một nhà nghiên cứu văn hóa sử người Chăm.

Sau khi gia nhập tổ chức Fulro tại Campuchia năm 1968, ông Quảng Đại Đủ đổi tên thành Po Dharma. Po theo tiếng Phạn cũ là tên gọi tôn kính một cấp lãnh đạo hay một chức sắc, Dharma ở đây không mang nghĩa Phật giáo mà chỉ là ký hiệu tiếng chăm của tên Đại Đủ. Từ đó Po Dharma trở thành tên gọi chính thức của Quảng Đại Đủ trong mọi giao dịch và tác phẩm nghiên cứu. Tại Pháp, tên chính thức của ông la Po Dharma Quang.

Xuất thân từ một gia đình nông dân gồm 7 anh chị em, Po Dharma là người duy nhất trong gia đình tốt nghiệp đại học. Tháng 9/1972 ông được đưa sang Pháp du học và theo đuổi nghiệp nghiên cứu sử và văn hóa người Chăm vùng Phan Rang cho đến khi từ trần.

Sinh trưởng trong lãnh thổ của vương triều Panduranga-Champa cũ (Ninh Thuận và Bình Thuận ngày nay), Po Dharma đã dành trọn thời gian của đời mình để nghiên cứu và phục hồi bản chất chăm trong lãnh vực lịch sử và văn hóa. Ông là tác giả của nhiều công trình nghiên cứu trong lãnh vực này.

Trong thời gian còn là học sinh, từ 1966 đến 1968, Po Dharma là thành viên tích cực trong phong trào bảo vệ văn hóa chămpa trong môi trường Việt Nam ở Phan Rang. Trốn sang Campuchia tháng 9/1968, Po Dharma tham gia phong trào Fulro và là thành viên tích cực của lực lượng này tại xứ Chùa Tháp. Tốt nghiệp trường liên quân Cao Miên (Ecole Militaire Interarmes du Cambodge) năm 1969 và sau nhiều thương tích trong chiến đấu võ trang, tháng 9/1972 Po Dharma được chính quyền Lon Nol cho sang Pháp du học. Năm 1978 ông tốt nghiệp cử nhân tại Phân khoa Lịch sử và văn tự học (Sciences historiques et philologiques) thuộc Đại học Sorbonne, năm 1980 đậu cao học tại Trường Cao đẳng thực hành (Ecole pratique des hautes études-EPHE) vànăm 1986 tốt nghiệp tiến sĩ tại Đại học Paris-III (Sorbonne).

Năm 1972, Po Dharma gia nhập Trường Viễn Đông Bác Cổ Pháp (Ecole française de l’Extreme-Orient-EFEO) với tư cách là cộng tác viên kỹ thuậtchuyên về lịch sử và nền văn minh Chămpa và năm 1982 trở thành thành viên khoa học biên chế của trường. Năm 1987, ông được gửi sang Mã Lai để mở và tổ chức điều hành chi nhánh của trường EFEO tại Kuala Lumpur. Trở về lại Paris năm 1993, Po Dharma là giảng viên tại Trường Cao đẳng khoa học xã hội (Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales-EHESS).

Năm 1999, Po Dharma được cử làm giám đốc chi nhánh của trường EFEO tại Kuala Lumpur. Năm 2003, ông lên chức Phó Giáo sư của trường EFEO và giảng dạy tại nhiều trường đại học Pháp (EFEO, EHESS, INALCO) và nước ngoài như đại học Malaya, đại học Kebangsaan (Mã Lai), đại học Tokyo (Nhật Bản), đại học Bắc Kinh, Quảng Châu, Quảng Tây (Trung Quốc). Ông cũng thường có mặt trên các diễn đàn khoa học quốc tế ở Châu Âu, Châu Á và Châu Mỹ để trình bày những đề tài liên quan đến Chămpa.

Về hưu năm 2016, Po Dharma đã cùng gia đình dọn nhà từ Sarcelles, một thành phố ngoại ô phía bắc Paris, về Toulouse, một thành phố nắng ấm miền Nam nước Pháp dưới chân núi Pyrénées.

Nguyễn Văn Huy

Lire la suite : Thông Luân

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Ressources, Sitographie

Billy Noseworthy : a few words to introduce Chamstudies.net

[ndlr] Présentation du site de recherche dédié aux études sur le Champa. Billet publié avec l’aimable autorisation de son auteur.

chamstudies[Site en maintenance, 22/11/2016]

Chamstudies.net presentation

Chamstudies.net website is committed to the preservation and promotion of the cultural values of the Champa civilization, and serves as a space for the dissemination of research in the field of Cham studies. With this in mind, Chamstudies.net actively circulates collections of scholarly resources and short essays, as well as information pertaining to conferences and scholarships.

isvanchampaChamstudies.net is the brainchild of Isvan Champa (MA Hawai’i, current PhD student at the University of Queensland).

Isvan had been running a Vietnamese academic site “Young Anthropologists” after he completed his Masters at Hawai’I and returned to Vietnam to begin a significant body of fieldwork on Austronesian ethnic minorities. When I say significant, I mean that his mastery of languages quickly jumped from English, Vietnamese and Cham, to the inclusion of four others: Raglai, Churu, Ede and Jarai.

When I first met Isvan we had shared the idea of starting a new academic journal that would address the need of bringing Cham studies to readership who were themselves Cham in Vietnam. Such a journal did not exist at the time. There was the literary serial Tagalauand the almost entirely historical-studies focused Champaka. Neither was focused on bringing together Champa and Cham studies into a single multidisciplinary project, a la Journal of Vietnamese Studies, however, which we upheld as a model. In 2012 “Young Anthropologists” was going strong and I joined the founding editorial board of TapukBhapRohDuahIlimo Cam (Journal of Cham Studies) in 2012.

TapukBhapRohDuahIlimo Cam is primarily an academic journal, published in Vietnamese, in Vietnam, although the journal has included English and Japanese abstracts of the articles published. It is produced by the Cham-UNESCO research center in Ho Chi Minh City, and bridges the gap between the popular scholarly output of the Cham community and Vietnamese language academic publishing. Primarily headed by the efforts of Sakaya (Dr. Truong Van Mon), the center also published a Cham-Vietnamese-English 16,000-word dictionary in 2014, which I was one among a number of co-authors on. Later in 2014, Dr. Toshihiko Shine & Sakaya published a Japanese version of the same dictionary.

As Tagalau, TapukBhapRohDuahIlimo Cam and Champakawere already covering the necessary journal publication markets for Champa and Cham studies, Isvan saw a new problem, however. There were still many scholars of Champa and the Cham who were working outside of Vietnam who weren’t using the works of those inside, and vice versa. The main problem was access. Print materials could be brought in and out, but shipping and transportation were tedious means of exchanging knowledge. Chamstudies.net was founded to mitigate that problem in 2015.

On the initial board of Chamstudies.net Isvan invited myself and Julie T. Underhill, as we were graduate students and researchers covering substantially different topics in the field. We then invited Dr. Mohammend Bin Abdul Effendy (NUS, Singapore) and Dave Paulson (PhD, candidate, Temple) to join us. Currently the website features presentations in Vietnamese, Malay, English of new articles, links to downloadable and more difficult to find resources, announcements for scholarships, profiles of researchers and more. We have particularly been focusing on circulating announcements that will allow other students and young researchers from Vietnam to study abroad. When Isvan was admitted to the University of Queensland this was a major break for all of us, and we hope that more students will be able to bridge the research gap by working across borders in the Americas, Europe and the Pacific, as well as Vietnam, Cambodia and Malaysia.

The main features of the website, as it stands, are collections of your standards area of Art and Literature, Culture, History, Language, and Religion. Although we also have a substantial media collection, and a worthwhile “Network” section that will give you a sense of the field of Cham Studies. While there are many websites that feature articles on the Cham, ours is the only one that hosts a substantive amount of English, Vietnamese, Cham and Malay language material. We welcome French and Cambodian material as well, and have been working with many Cham studies scholars in Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, France, Japan and the United States to expand our collections.

Should you have any questions, OR wish to contribute something, please don’t hesitate to contact: chamstudies2015@gmail.com.

billynoseworthyBilly Noseworthy, grad student, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

 

Image “à la une” : La tour Cham Thap Poshaknu Cham près de Mũi Né – Wikipédia 2005

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Articles / Billets

Andrew Hardy: The Barefoot Anthropologist – The Highlands of Champa and Vietnam in the Words of Jacques Dournes

[ndlr] Parution d’un nouvel ouvrage de notre collègue Andrew Hardy, chercheur à l’EFEO.

“On the trails you go barefoot. I’m still barefoot! I wonder how one can stuff one’s feet into shoes that hurt so much. Feet are like hands, they start narrow and end broad. And shoes, they’re quite the opposite, they start broad and end narrow. So, your foot in a shoe—it’s completely absurd!” —Jacques Dournes, speaking of the forest trails of Vietnam’s Central Highlands

French anthropologist Jacques Dournes lived in Vietnam for twenty-five years, from 1946 to 1970, studying the culture of the Jarai and other highland ethnic groups. He became a renowned ethnographer and the Jarai people became his lifelong passion.

In part 1 of this study, Andrew Hardy explores Dournes’s challenging monograph Pötao, une théorie de pouvoir chez les Indochinois jörai and his views on the role of the highlanders in ancient Champa. In part 2, Dournes speaks animatedly with the author about the Jarai, his feelings about culture and economics, his understanding of Vietnam’s history, and his personal experience of living in the Central Highlands.

 

Hardy_BarefootAnthropologist

Andrew Hardy works at the École Française d’Extrême-Orient (EFEO), specializing on the history of Vietnam. He is the author of Red Hills: Migrants and the State in the Highlands of Vietnam (2003).

Source : Silkworm Books

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Agenda / Evénements, Thèses / PhD

Thérèse Guyot-Becker : La servitude pour dette au Campa du sud au XVIIIe siècle [thèse]

[ndlr] Message d’Oscar Salemink à VSG que nous publions avec son aimable autorisation.

Please join me in congratulating Dr. Thérèse Guyot-Becker with the successful defense of her doctoral thesis ’La servitude pour dette au Campa du sud au XVIIIe siècle: Étude des archives légales du “Panduranga-Campa” de la Société Asiatique de Paris’ [Serfdom for debt in 18th Centyury southern Champa : A study of the legal archives of Panduranga-Champa at the Société Asiatique de Paris]. Ms. Guyot defended at the École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) of the Sorbonne in Paris.

The dissertation constitutes a meticulous and detailed empirical study of a collection of legal documents – mostly contracts about transactions – held at the Société Asiatique in Paris. The provenance of the collection is most likely the ‘trésor des roi chams’ described by Durand and Parmentier (1905). It consists of legal documents in three languages: Cham, Hán, and Hán-Nôm; the smaller section of documents in Hán and Hán-Nôm have been translated into modern Vietnamese by Vietnamese collaborators of Ms. Guyot, who translated the Cham language records which constitute the vast majority of the collection. By making this collection available for scholarship Ms Guyot has made an important contribution to our knowledge of Cham society in the 18th Century, under the tutelage of the Nguyễn Lords.

A Champa manuscript recounting the social culture of the Cham community of the early 18th century © Wikipedia
A Champa manuscript recounting the social culture of the Cham community of the early 18th century © 2009 Wikipedia / Gryffindor

The thesis is divided up in five chapters. The first chapter contains a description of the collection; of the various types of legal documents; of the styles in which they were written up; and of the various actors involved in the transaction. Not much else is known about 18th Century Cham  society, so the description of the monetary value of the transactions, of the places mentioned and especially of the dates of the contracts required a painstaking, pioneering labor on the part of Ms. Guyot who devised a system by which the Cham dates could be rendered in the Gregorian calendar. From this chapter it is clear that it took an enormous effort to make the collection accessible for scholarly description and analysis.

The subsequent four chapters engage the collection of legal documents from different vantage points. The methodological strategy of Ms Guyot is to see the collection as a quantifiable database which enables her to enumerate and calculate specific aspects, detect patterns and correspondences, and make these insights visible in a large number of tables (‘tableaux’) and charts (‘grafiques’). The author convincingly isolates and describes the terms of her statistical calculations, which is oftentimes a problem in quantitative research.

Chapter II describes the documents as sales documents, mostly concerning the selling of persons, either as definitive sale or as redeemable sale. It calculates the (monetary) value of the transactions and the average value of individual persons. And it compares the transactions involving three categories of people: villagers; notables and dignitaries; and the Po Taray (Cham princes).

Chapter III describes loans and debts – which are usually the precursor for the sale of persons. It describes loans with and without interest, and loans with collateral. It describes the various interest rates and types of collateral – oftentimes persons – and their distribution over various types of loans and their actors. And finally, it distinguishes again the transactions according to the category of the contractors – villagers, notables and dignitaries.

Chapter IV discusses the various types of redemption of debts, which might involve donations by third parties. It discusses legal procedures and legal cases when the pay-back was defaulted. And finally it discusses the various types and registers of redemption in Cham society of the time.

The final Chapter V engages the vernacular category of the person as property – halun – and asks the question whether halun constitute slaves or servants. It distinguishes between various categories of halun according to the reasons for their status as property: given up by others (‘aliénés’); endebted; or at fault in juridical terms. The chapter reviews the various rights and responsibilities of both masters and halun, and establishes that halun are not absolute property – i.e. reduced to objects – but remain subjects with the legal right to complain and seek justice. Finally, the chapter distinguishes between various types of halun, in the sense of their attachment to various types of ‘masters’ – e.g. villagers, notables, the prince, temples.

In the absence of much other knowledge of southern Cham society at the time, Dr Guyot-Becker made the philological choice to narrowly focus on this collection of Cham legal documents and make those documents accessible to contemporary scholarship, which in itself constitutes a veritable monk’s labor. That choice was presented as an effort to let herself be guided by the sources only, rather than by comparative insights derived from other sources and contexts. This choice may have prevented her from filling in the lines between the dots and offering a more coherent historical narrative, which hopefully will be developed in the time to come.

Ms Guyot-Becker’s thesis received the highest distinction from the jury (consisting of Philippe Papin [supervisor], Andrew Hardy, Eric Bourdonneau, and myself). The world has another scholar fluent in ancient Cham!

Oscar Salemink (11/02/2014)

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