de l’empire colonial aux états-nations d’aujourd’hui
Procession lors de la fête des Rois Hung en 2016
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Les États vietnamiens (1945-1976) et aperçu sur le nationalisme Việt (ou Kinh)
Séance 4 : mardi 18 octobre 2016
Cette séance consacrée au Viêt-Nam s’intéressera à l’émergence de l’état-nation vietnamien indépendant depuis la création de l’Empire du Viêt-Nam (Đế quốc Việt Nam) à la suite du coup de force japonais du 9 mars 1945 jusqu’à la réunification de juillet 1976 sous l’appellation de République socialiste du Viêt-Nam (Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam), république se définissant comme un “état multinational”. En nous appuyant sur les textes proposés, nous verrons ce que recouvre le concept de “nation vietnamienne”, son ancrage dans la longue durée et sa supposée “unicité”.
Dans un second temps, nous illustrerons l’évolution du discours nationaliste vietnamien à travers ses différentes expressions (extraits de textes lus) : nationalisme culturel et monarchiste de Phạm Quỳnh, nationalisme libéral de Trần Văn Tùng et de Nguyễn Ngọc Huy, nationalisme révolutionnaire de Nguyễn Thái Học (VNQDĐ) et de Nguyễn Tường Tam (Đại Viêt Dân Chính), nationalisme “dai-vietnamien” de Lý Dông A (Đại Viêt Duy Dân) ou de Trương Tử Anh (Đại Viêt QDĐ), personnalisme des frères Ngô, national-communisme confucéen de Nguyễn Khắc Viên…
Personnalités évoquées :
Première rangée de gauche à droite : Phạm Quỳnh (1892-1945) intellectuel monarchiste assassiné en 1945, ministre de l’empereur Bảo Đại / Nguyễn Thái Học (1902-1930), nationaliste révolutionnaire, leader du VNQDĐ (Parti National), guillotiné par le régime colonial le 17 juin 1930 / Trương Tử Anh (1914-1946?), nationaliste révolutionnaire, leader du ĐVQDĐ (en abrégé Đại Viêt, Grand Viêt-Nam), disparaît à la suite de son arrestation par le Viêt-Minh en décembre 1946.
Seconde rangée de gauche à droite : Nguyễn Tường Tam (1906-1963), écrivain fondateur du Groupe littéraire autonome et un des chefs du VNQDĐ, ancien ministre des Affaires étrangères du Gouvernement Hồ Chí Minh de 1946, se suicide le 7 juillet 1963 / Trần Văn Tùng (1915-?), écrivain nationaliste fervent baodaïste, membre du Parti démocrate / Ngô Đình Diêm (1901-1963), président de la République du Viêt-Nam (Sud) de 1955 à 1963, assassiné le 2 novembre 1963.
Troisième rangée de gauche à droite : Nguyễn Ngọc Huy (1924-1990) nationaliste, fondateur du parti Néo Đại Viêt en 1964 et refondateur de la “doctrine de l’existence du peuple” / Nguyễn Khắc Viên (1913-1997), médecin et intellectuel marxiste / Trần Huỳnh Duy Thức (né en 1966), militant pro-démocrate actuellement emprisonné pour dissidence politique.
Nguyen Ngoc Thanh Annie, Les représentations de l’identité nationale d’après l’étude de contes vietnamiens de 1920 à 1945, Mémoire de DEA, Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2005, pp. 54-62 (§ “Imaginaire des contes et imaginaire national”).
Uno, Koichiro, Essai sur les mythes politiques vietnamiens, Mémoire de l’EHESS sous la direction de Georges Condominas, Paris, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, 1989, pp. 68-87 (Ch. 3 : “Culte national totalisant”). IAO Fonds Boudarel.
Pour aller plus loin :
Goscha, Christopher, The Penguin History of Modern Vietnam, London, Allen Lane / Penguin Books, 2016. Présentation éditeur.
Guillemot, François, « Penser le nationalisme révolutionnaire au Việt Nam : Identités politiques et itinéraires singuliers à la recherche d’une hypothétique ‘Troisième voie’ », Moussons [En ligne], 13-14 | 2009, mis en ligne le 30 novembre 2012. URL : http://moussons.revues.org/1043.
Taylor, Keith W., A History of the Vietnamese, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2013. Présentation éditeur.
[ndlr] Le renouveau des études sur l’expérience républicaine au Sud Viêt-Nam se poursuit. Annonce d’un important colloque sur la construction de l’État-nation au Sud entre 1955 et 1975 (co-organisé par le Centre des Études de l’Asie du Sud Est de l’Université de Berkeley, Californie et le Journal of Vietnamese Studies).
Nation-Building in War: The Experience of Republican Vietnam, 1955-1975
This symposium is about the experience of nation-building in Republican Vietnam during 1949-1975. During this period, many Vietnamese sought a non-communist future for their country with the support of the United States. Over more than two decades, these men and women worked together toward that goal as much as fought against each other over differences in visions and policies. This took place within the broader context of large-scale military conflicts (the civil war between North Vietnam and South Vietnam and the Cold War between the superpowers).
Scholarship on the subject has focused mostly on that broader context of warfare while overlooking the project of nation-building carried out by South Vietnamese. In fact, much more took place in politics, society, culture, and the economy than in the military realm. Another bias of scholarship is its obsession with external intervention and its corresponding neglect of Vietnamese agency. While the U.S. played a crucial role in the viability of South Vietnam as an independent entity, South Vietnamese efforts have not been fully appreciated.
This symposium hopes to document and analyze such Vietnamese efforts in both military and other areas of nation-building by presenting panels of South Vietnamese officials, politicians, academics, and journalists who were active participants in historical developments, paired with panels of young scholars who will be asked to place the testimonies of participants in their contexts and to evaluate their significance.
Organizers: Peter Zinoman, Professor of History, UC Berkeley; Tuong Vu, Professor of Political Science, University of Oregon
Participants
Col. Trần Minh Công, Commandant of RVN Police Academy
Nguyễn Đức Cường, Minister of Trade and Industry
Kiều Chinh, Actress
Huỳnh Văn Lang, Director of Foreign Exchange Agency and secretary of the Can Lao Party’s Joint North-South branch, founder of Bách Khoa Review and the Association for the Development of Popular Culture
Phạm Kim Ngọc, Minister of Economy
Hoàng Đức Nhã, Presidential Advisor and Minister of Mass Mobilization and Open Arms
Nhã Ca, Writer
Dr. Nguyễn Hữu Phước, National Director of Elementary Teacher Training & In-Service Training, Ministry of Education
Lt. Col. Bùi Quyền, Deputy Commander, Third Airborne Brigade
Dr. Võ Kim Sơn, Lecturer, Faculty of Education, University of Saigon
Cao Văn Thân, Minister of Land Reform and Agricultural Development
Vũ Quốc Thúc, Central Bank Governor and Minister of Reconstruction and Development
Vũ Thanh Thủy, War Correspondent
Phạm Trần, Journalist
Lâm Lễ Trinh, Minister of Interior and Ambassador
Sean Fear, Postdoctoral Fellow in U.S. Foreign Policy and International Security, Dartmouth College
Kevin Li, Ph.D. candidate, History, UC Berkeley
Ryan Nelson, Ph.D. candidate, History, UC Berkeley
Huong Nguyen, Ph.D. candidate, History, University of Washington
Nathalie Huynh Chau Nguyen, Associate Professor of Australian Studies, Monash University
Van Nguyen-Marshall, Associate Professor of History, Trent University (Canada)
John Schafer, Emeritus Professor of English, Humboldt State University
Simon Toner, Postdoctoral Fellow in Southeast Asian Studies, Columbia University
Nu-Anh Tran, Assistant Professor of History and Asian American Studies, University of Connecticut
Alex-Thai Dinh Vo, Ph.D. candidate, Cornell University
Tuong Vu, Professor of Political Science, University of Oregon
Peter Zinoman, Professor of History, UC Berkeley
The program of October 18 includes a book launch from 1:00 – 2:00 p.m., by Prof. Nathalie Huynh Chau Nguyen (Monash University), who will discuss her new book South Vietnamese Soldiers: Memories of the Vietnam War and After (2016)
[ndlr] Le pari d’un second Renouveau se fait attendre… Nous évoquions cette nécessité il y a quatre ans dans : Gédéon, Laurent & Guillemot, François (2012), « Viêt Nam. L’appel à un second Renouveau », in Jérémy Jammes et Benoît de Tréglodé (sous la dir.), L’Asie du Sud-Est 2012. Les événements majeurs de l’année, Bangkok & Paris, Irasec / Les Indes Savantes, 2012, pp. 289-311.
HÀ NỘI — Scholars called on the Party and the Government to urgently initiate a second Đổi mới (renewal) period to meet the new demands of the country’s development, economically and politically.
Đổi mới, officially begun in 1986, changed Viet Nam’s post-war Soviet-style subsidised economy into a market-oriented one. The thirty-year long process led to an economic boom in the war-torn country with average growth rates up to eight per cent.
“After years of economic collapse and suffering of the consequences of war, the Vietnamese Government liberated the market and opened it for the international economy,” said Stefan Kaufmann, member of the German Parliament at an international conference on the 30th anniversary of Đổi mới held on Friday. It was organised by the University of Social Sciences and Humanities (USSH), Hanoi and Germany’s Konrad Adenauer Stiftung.
“What happened ever since has been, what we Germans like to call a ‘Wirtschaftswunder’ – an economy miracle,” he said.
[ndlr] Document en ligne pour accompagner la séance 3.
Khmer Rouge: Evolution of the Academic Debate
Cliquer sur l’image pour accéder au texte en ligne (PDF)
Abstract: On April 7, 1975, Khmer Rouge revolutionary forces invaded and took control of the capital city of Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge regime remained in power for the next four years, causing destruction, violence, torture, and death to devastate the citizens of Cambodia. Since the revolution, the intentions, motives, and appropriate process of justice regarding the actions of the Khmer Rouge have been the subject of contentious debate among academic scholars. This paper will evaluate the evolution of this debate over the last thirty years, considering how and why the views of various scholars have changed or remained the same and how these views have often conflicted with one another. I will argue that from 1975 to 2009, academic scholars have selected various types of evidence to reach different conclusions about the events of the Khmer Rouge, primarily as a result of their own perceptions ofthe political situation of Indochina during this time, as well as their willingness to admit that the Khmer Rouge revolution was not improving the situation of Cambodia.
Lire également l’article d’Hélène Lavoix sur ce sujet sur le site de Sciences Po consacré aux Violences de masses.
[ndlr] Article de Viên Linh sur les nationalistes révolutionnaires du VNQDD en Chine du Sud (province de Guangzhou) dans les années quarante en plein conflit sino-japonais. Quand la fiction rejoint la réalité dans une nouvelle de l’écrivain Do Ton.
– Ai là Nhất Linh, Ðỗ Ðình Ðạo, Trương Bảo Sơn, … trong nhóm 9 đảng viên VNQDÐ ở Quảng Châu qua truyện ngắn Ả Hẩu?
Thập niên ’40, thành viên các đảng phái quốc gia bị Pháp lùng bắt nhiều người phải rút dần khỏi Hà Nội, khi qua biên giới Trung Hoa đành ở lại đó sống cuộc đời lưu vong (như trường hợp Nguyễn Tường Bách), và trong có Ðỗ Tốn, tác giả tập truyện Hoa Vông Vang thời tiền chiến, và truyện ngắn Ả Hẩu viết tại miền Nam trước khi qua đời tại Sài Gòn. Ông tên thật Ðỗ Ðình Tốn, sinh năm 1921, anh họ nhà cách mạng từng là quân ủy trung ương của Việt Nam Quốc Dân Ðảng Ðỗ Ðình Ðạo – mà cái chết bởi một viên đạn bí ẩn đã gây sôi nổi dư luận Hà Nội trước 1954.
Histoire des migrations des peuples de langue Taï-Kadaï
Lundi 24 octobre 2016 de 18h30 à 20h30
INALCO (Amphi 5)
65, rue des Grands Moulins, 75013 Paris, métro François Mitterrand
Conférence de Nguyen Tan Tai-Luc et Chaman Pravonviengkham
Un regard ethnolinguistique sur les migrations des peuples de la famille Taï-Kadaï depuis la Chine du Sud et leur installation en Asie du Sud-Est.
Khamphanh PRAVONGVIENGKHAM, maître de conférences en langue, littérature et société de l’Asie du Sud-Est à l’Inalco, responsable de la section Lao, membre du Centre d’Étude et de Recherche sur les Oralités du Monde.
Tai-Luc NGUYEN TAN, enseignant depuis 1996 au département Asie du Sud-Est Pacifique de l’Inalco, chargé du cours de diachronie et synchronie Taï-Kadaï et d’Initiation au Tham-Pali du Laos, a soutenu en 2000 sa thèse de doctorat consacrée à la langue Lü du Sip Song Panna.